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Alfredo James "Al" Pacino (; born April 25, 1940) is an American actor of stage and screen, filmmaker and screenwriter. Often considered by audiences and commentators to be one of the greatest actors of all time, Pacino has had a career spanning more than fifty years, during which time he has received numerous accolades and honors both competitive and honorary, among them an Academy Award, two Tony Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, a British Academy Film Award, four Golden Globe Awards, the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Film Institute, the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award, and the National Medal of Arts. He is also one of few performers to have won a competitive Oscar, an Emmy and a Tony Award for acting, dubbed the "Triple Crown of Acting". A method actor and former student of the Herbert Berghof Studio and the Actors Studio in New York City, where he was taught by Charlie Laughton and Lee Strasberg, Pacino made his feature film debut with a minor role in ''Me, Natalie'' (1969) and gained favourable notices for his lead role as a heroin addict in ''The Panic in Needle Park'' (1971). He achieved international acclaim and recognition for his breakthrough role as Michael Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola's ''The Godfather'' (1972). He received his first Oscar nomination and would reprise the role in sequels ''Part II'' (1974) and ''Part III'' (1990). Pacino's performance as Corleone is now regarded as one of the greatest screen performances in film history. Pacino received his first Best Actor Oscar nomination for ''Serpico'' (1973); he was also nominated for ''The Godfather Part II'', ''Dog Day Afternoon'' (1975) and ''...And Justice for All'' (1979) and won the award in 1993 for his performance as a blind Lieutenant Colonel in ''Scent of a Woman'' (1992). For his performances in ''The Godfather'', ''Dick Tracy'' (1990) and ''Glengarry Glen Ross'' (1992), Pacino was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Other notable roles include Tony Montana in ''Scarface'' (1983), Carlito Brigante in ''Carlito's Way'' (1993), Lieutenant Vincent Hanna in ''Heat'' (1995), Benjamin Ruggiero in ''Donnie Brasco'' (1997), Lowell Bergman in ''The Insider'' (1999) and Detective Will Dormer in ''Insomnia'' (2002). In television, Pacino has acted in several productions for HBO including the miniseries ''Angels in America'' (2003) and the Jack Kevorkian biopic ''You Don't Know Jack'' (2010), both of which won him the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie. In addition to his work in film, Pacino has had an extensive career on stage and is a two-time Tony Award winner, in 1969 and 1977, for his performances in ''Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie?'' and ''The Basic Training of Pavlo Hummel'' respectively. A lifelong fan of Shakespeare, Pacino directed and starred in ''Looking for Richard'' (1996), a documentary film about the play ''Richard III'', a role which Pacino had earlier portrayed on-stage in 1977. He has also acted as Shylock in a 2004 feature film adaptation and a 2010 production of ''The Merchant of Venice''. Having made his filmmaking debut with ''Looking for Richard'', Pacino has also directed and starred in the independent film ''Chinese Coffee'' (2000) and the films ''Wilde Salomé'' (2011) and ''Salomé'' (2013) about the play ''Salomé'' by Oscar Wilde. Since 1994, Pacino has been the joint president of the Actors Studio with Ellen Burstyn and Harvey Keitel. ==Early life and education== Pacino was born in New York City (East Harlem),〔 to Sicilian-American parents Salvatore Pacino and Rose, who divorced when he was two years old. His mother moved near the Bronx Zoo to live with her parents, Kate and James Gerardi, who, coincidentally, had come from a town in Sicily named Corleone. His father, who was from San Fratello in the Province of Messina, moved to Covina, California, and worked as an insurance salesman and restaurateur.〔 In his teen years "Sonny", as he was known to his friends, aimed to become a baseball player, and was also nicknamed "The Actor".〔 Pacino dropped out of many classes, but not English. He dropped out of school at age 17. His mother disagreed with his decision; they argued and he left home. He worked at low-paying jobs, messenger, busboy, janitor, and postal clerk, to finance his acting studies.〔 He once worked in the mail room for ''Commentary'' magazine.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Al Pacino Biography )〕 He began smoking at age nine, and drinking, and took up casual cannabis use at age thirteen, but never used hard drugs.〔Grobel; p. 9〕 His two closest friends died from drug abuse at the ages of 19 and 30.〔Grobel; p. 8〕 Growing up in The Bronx, he got into occasional fights and was considered something of a troublemaker at school.〔Grobel; p. 6〕 He acted in basement plays in New York's theatrical underground but was rejected for the Actors Studio while a teenager.〔 Pacino then joined the Herbert Berghof Studio (HB Studio), where he met acting teacher Charlie Laughton (not to be confused with the British actor Charles Laughton), who became his mentor and best friend.〔 In this period, he was often unemployed and homeless, and sometimes slept on the street, in theaters, or at friends' houses.〔〔Grobel; p. 14〕 In 1962, his mother died at the age of 43.〔Grobel; p. 10〕 The following year, Pacino's grandfather James Gerardi, one of the most influential people in his life, also died.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Al Pacino」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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